{"id":2053,"date":"2025-11-23T13:55:25","date_gmt":"2025-11-23T13:55:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.innothyrogen.eu\/uncategorized-hr\/sto-je-personalizirana-medicina-i-zasto-je-vazna-za-poremecaje-stitnjace\/"},"modified":"2026-04-19T14:43:52","modified_gmt":"2026-04-19T14:43:52","slug":"sto-je-personalizirana-medicina-i-zasto-je-vazna-za-poremecaje-stitnjace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.innothyrogen.eu\/hr\/blog\/sto-je-personalizirana-medicina-i-zasto-je-vazna-za-poremecaje-stitnjace\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160to je personalizirana medicina i za\u0161to je va\u017ena za poreme\u0107aje \u0161titnja\u010de?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Kada posjetite kliniku ili bolnicu zbog zdravstvenog problema, lije\u010dnik \u0107e vas prvo pitati o va\u0161im simptomima: kada su po\u010deli, kako su se mijenjali tijekom vremena, kako se sada osje\u0107ate i koje ste tretmane ve\u0107 primili. Tako\u0111er \u0107e pitati o svim ozbiljnim bolestima koje ste imali u pro\u0161losti. <\/p>\n\n
Na temelju svih ovih informacija, lije\u010dnik \u0107e zatim slijediti medicinske smjernice kako bi odlu\u010dio koje pretrage su vam potrebne, \u0161to treba pregledati i koja bi mogla biti mogu\u0107a dijagnoza. Svaki od ovih koraka temelji se na prethodnom znanju ste\u010denom prou\u010davanjem bolesti i na\u010dina na koji pacijenti reagiraju na razli\u010dite tretmane. <\/p>\n\n
Za\u0161to standardni medicinski pristupi nisu dovoljni za svakog pacijenta<\/h2>\n\n<\/figure>\n\n
Me\u0111utim, svaki pacijent do\u017eivljava bolest na svoj jedinstven na\u010din. Simptom koji je tipi\u010dan za odre\u0111eno stanje mo\u017eda se ne\u0107e pojaviti kod svake osobe. Neki pacijenti mogu imati neobi\u010dan tijek bolesti. Lije\u010denje koje dobro djeluje za ve\u0107inu ljudi mo\u017ee biti neu\u010dinkovito za nekoga drugog ili \u010dak uzrokovati nuspojave koje pogor\u0161avaju stanje. <\/p>\n\n
Ove se razlike ne mogu u potpunosti objasniti samo onim \u0161to znamo o samoj bolesti; pojedinog pacijenta tako\u0111er treba razumjeti i uzeti u obzir.<\/p>\n\n
Medicina temeljena na dokazima i njezina ograni\u010denja<\/h2>\n\n
Trenutno se standardni medicinski pristup oslanja na znanje prikupljeno iz mnogih prethodnih slu\u010dajeva, a ovaj je pristup poznat kao medicina temeljena na dokazima<\/em>. Pretpostavlja se da se, kada se bolesti prou\u010davaju u velikim skupinama pacijenata, one pona\u0161aju na sli\u010dan na\u010din: ve\u0107ina ljudi reagira na iste postupke, a tretmani obi\u010dno dovode do predvidljivih rezultata. Drugim rije\u010dima, o\u010dekuje se da \u0107e tijek bolesti slijediti iste op\u0107e obrasce u velikim populacijama pacijenata. <\/p>\n\n
\u0160to je personalizirana medicina?<\/h2>\n\n
Personalizirana medicina je pristup koji se usredoto\u010duje na pojedinog pacijenta i njegove jedinstvene karakteristike u kontekstu bolesti i njezinog lije\u010denja. Hipokrat, otac medicine, slavno je rekao da je \u201cva\u017enije znati kakva osoba ima bolest nego znati kakvu bolest osoba ima.\u201d<\/em> <\/p>\n\n
Ova ideja le\u017ei u srcu personalizirane medicine: razumjeti pacijenta kao cjelinu. To uklju\u010duje \u010dimbenike kao \u0161to su dob, spol, te\u017eina, etni\u010dka pripadnost, psiholo\u0161ke i socijalne karakteristike, fiziolo\u0161ke i biokemijske osobine, okoli\u0161 i, \u0161to je najva\u017enije, genom pacijenta. <\/p>\n\n
Za\u0161to je personalizirana medicina posebno va\u017ena za poreme\u0107aje \u0161titnja\u010de<\/h2>\n\n
Slijedom toga, personalizirana medicina posebno je vrijedna u lije\u010denju disfunkcije \u0161titnja\u010de, skupine stanja koja mogu biti slo\u017eena i vrlo promjenjiva. Uzimaju\u0107i u obzir individualne razlike, personalizirana medicina mo\u017ee pomo\u0107i u pobolj\u0161anju razumijevanja \u010dimbenika rizika, pobolj\u0161ati to\u010dnost dijagnoze i podr\u017eati u\u010dinkovitije lije\u010denje. Ovaj je pristup va\u017ean za sve pacijente s disfunkcijom \u0161titnja\u010de, uklju\u010duju\u0107i trudnice kojima je potrebna dodatna njega i pa\u017enja. Postoje dva glavna \u010dimbenika koji me\u0111usobno djeluju u razvoju bilo kojeg poreme\u0107aja: geni osobe i njezin okoli\u0161. Oko 70% rizika za razvoj autoimune bolesti \u0161titnja\u010de povezano je s genetikom. Zbog toga se autoimune bolesti \u010desto ponavljaju unutar istih obitelji. <\/p>\n\n
Me\u0111utim, to\u010dni genetski \u010dimbenici koji pove\u0107avaju rizik od autoimune bolesti jo\u0161 su uvijek uglavnom nepoznati. To zna\u010di da i vanjski okoli\u0161 (kao \u0161to je izlo\u017eenost virusima ili \u0161tetnim tvarima) i unutarnji okoli\u0161 (kao \u0161to je trudno\u0107a ili specifi\u010dne promjene gena) tako\u0111er igraju va\u017enu ulogu u pokretanju bolesti kod pojedinaca koji su genetski predisponirani. <\/p>\n\n
Personalizirana dijagnoza kod poreme\u0107aja \u0161titnja\u010de<\/h2>\n\n<\/figure>\n\n
Dijagnoza se ne mo\u017ee oslanjati samo na standardne referentne raspone. Razine hormona \u0161titnja\u010de prirodno variraju od osobe do osobe, ovisno o dobi, spolu, te\u017eini, etni\u010dkoj pripadnosti, pa \u010dak i dobu dana ili godi\u0161njem dobu. <\/p>\n\n
Osim toga, va\u017eno je razumjeti genetsku pozadinu svakog pacijenta kako bi se utvrdilo dolazi li njihova predispozicija iz imunolo\u0161kog sustava, same \u0161titnja\u010de ili naslije\u0111enih molekularnih mehanizama.<\/p>\n\n
Pacijenti tako\u0111er razli\u010dito reagiraju na utjecaje okoline, pa informacije o na\u010dinu \u017eivota, psihosocijalnim \u010dimbenicima i izlo\u017eenosti toksinima mogu pru\u017eiti vrijedan uvid. Kona\u010dno, personalizirani dijagnosti\u010dki pristupi mogu \u010dak pomo\u0107i u predvi\u0111anju ho\u0107e li pacijent vjerojatno iskusiti nuspojave od lijekova za \u0161titnja\u010du. <\/p>\n\n
Personalizirani pristupi lije\u010denju<\/h2>\n\n
Personalizirana medicina oslanja se na prilagodbu lije\u010denja svakom pojedinom pacijentu. Na primjer, u slu\u010dajevima Hashimotoovog tireoiditisa ili nakon tireoidektomije, istra\u017eiva\u010di istra\u017euju mo\u017ee li se jednog dana stvoriti novo tkivo \u0161titnja\u010de iz mati\u010dnih stanica. Razvijaju se terapije malim molekulama za specifi\u010dno ciljanje autoantitijela \u0161titnja\u010de. <\/p>\n\n
Nadomjesna terapija hormonima \u0161titnja\u010de mo\u017ee se prilagoditi na temelju gastrointestinalne apsorpcije pacijenta, aktivnosti dejodinaze, metabolizma hormona i na\u010dina na koji njihova tkiva reagiraju. Nekim pacijentima mo\u017ee biti potrebna nadomjesna terapija kalcitoninom nakon tireoidektomije, dok drugima – osobito onima s tirotoksi\u010dnom sr\u010danom bole\u0161\u0107u – mo\u017ee biti potrebno pra\u0107enje krvnog tlaka i sr\u010danog ritma u stvarnom vremenu. <\/p>\n\n
Personalizirana medicina tijekom trudno\u0107e<\/h2>\n\n
Trudno\u0107a je osjetljivo razdoblje u \u017eivotu \u017eene, a tijelo prolazi kroz mnoge promjene. Zbog toga bi personalizirana medicina prilagodila koliko se \u010desto provjerava funkcija \u0161titnja\u010de, ovisno o tromjese\u010dju. To je va\u017eno jer problemi s funkcijom \u0161titnja\u010de ili autoimunosti majke mogu utjecati na razvoj bebinog mozga. Drugi cilj personalizirane medicine je stvoriti nove tretmane koji su sigurni za trudnice s problemima \u0161titnja\u010de i ne \u0161tete bebi u razvoju. <\/p>\n\n
Prednosti personalizirane medicine u usporedbi s tradicionalnim pristupima<\/h2>\n\n
U usporedbi s tradicionalnom medicinom temeljenom na dokazima, personalizirana medicina gleda na cijelu osobu, a ne samo na bolest. Poku\u0161ava razumjeti sve \u010dimbenike koji mogu utjecati na zdravlje pacijenta, kako bi se lije\u010denje moglo prilagoditi \u0161to je preciznije mogu\u0107e. Cilj je sprije\u010diti bolest kad god je to mogu\u0107e, odabrati najbolju terapiju od samog po\u010detka umjesto da se nasumi\u010dno isprobavaju razli\u010dite opcije, smanjiti ne\u017eeljene nuspojave i pobolj\u0161ati ukupnu kvalitetu \u017eivota pacijenta. Na kraju, ovaj je pristup vi\u0161e usredoto\u010den na pojedinca i podr\u017eava bolje dugoro\u010dno blagostanje. <\/p>\n\n
Autor: Vladimir Ga\u0161i\u0107<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
Reference:<\/p>\n\n
\n
Sackett D L, Rosenberg W M C, Gray J A M, Haynes R B, Richardson W S. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn’t BMJ 1996; 312 :71 doi:10.1136\/bmj.312.7023.71<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Ferrari SM, Ragusa F, Elia G, Paparo SR, Mazzi V, Baldini E, Benvenga S, Antonelli A, Fallahi P. Precision Medicine in Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Hypothyroidism. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Nov 17;12:750380. doi: 10.3389\/fphar.2021.750380. PMID: 34867359; PMCID: PMC8635786. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
Galofr\u00e9 JC, D\u00edez JJ, Cooper DS. Thyroid dysfunction in the era of precision medicine. Endocrinol Nutr. 2016 Aug-Sep;63(7):354-63. English, Spanish. doi: 10.1016\/j.endonu.2016.04.009. Epub 2016 Jun 3. PMID: 27267315. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
Abrahams E, Silver M. The case for personalized medicine. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009 Jul 1;3(4):680-4. doi: 10.1177\/193229680900300411. PMID: 20144313; PMCID: PMC2769975. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kada posjetite kliniku ili bolnicu zbog zdravstvenog problema, lije\u010dnik \u0107e vas prvo pitati o va\u0161im simptomima: kada su po\u010deli, kako su se mijenjali tijekom vremena, kako se sada osje\u0107ate i koje ste tretmane ve\u0107 primili. Tako\u0111er \u0107e pitati o svim ozbiljnim bolestima koje ste imali u pro\u0161losti. Na temelju svih ovih informacija, lije\u010dnik \u0107e zatim […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2197,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[43,85,41,42,45,60,44],"class_list":["post-2053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-eufunded","tag-genetics","tag-horizoneurope","tag-innothyrogen","tag-personalisedmedicine","tag-pharmacogenomics","tag-thyroidhealth"],"yoast_head":"\n
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